The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
Man Thinks He Found “Hornets” Nest In Attic, Turns Pale When He Realizes What is Inside
James was taken aback when he found Liam in tears in the attic, disrupting what had been an ordinary day. Little did he know, as he rushed upstairs to console his frightened son, that this incident would unveil a long-held secret lurking in their attic.
The tale began in 2018 when the family’s arborvitae trees were damaged by deer. While preparing to replace them, James and his family noticed something peculiar among the trees on the east side of their yard. Initially mistaken for an electrical box, it turned out to be something far more perplexing.
In May 2018, landscapers were brought in to remove the damaged trees and gain access to the mysterious metal box, as the family opted for bamboo trees that deer would not harm. To their surprise, the metal box turned out to be the entrance to a massive hornet’s nest, not just an ordinary electrical fixture.
The sheer size of the nest and the strange noises emanating from it, akin to a struggling car engine, astonished both James and Liam. Unlike any ordinary nest, this one seemed to hold something significant within its depths.
James called in a hornet control specialist for assistance, who initially seemed confident in handling the situation. However, upon entering the attic where the hornets had established their unique hive, the specialist quickly changed his tune, declining the job much to the family’s dismay
Frustrated with the lack of professional help and disturbed by the incessant noise the hornets were causing inside their home, James decided to take matters into his own hands.
However, his attempt to remove the nest himself proved disastrous. Clad in protective gear, James entered the attic and was immediately overwhelmed by angry hornets, suffering multiple stings and immense pain. He barely managed to escape and was found unconscious on the first floor by his family.
In a bold move, young Liam took it upon himself to smoke out the hornets, determined to resolve the problem and protect his family. Sneaking into the attic, he used a smoker to temporarily calm the hornets, but this inadvertently provoked them further as they emerged from their brief stupor.
As the situation escalated, Liam faced a critical decision: to retreat from the attic and seal the window, once again subduing the hornets. When the smoke cleared, however, he discovered something unexpected within their nest, something the hornets fiercely guarded.
James was both proud of Liam’s courage and concerned for his safety upon learning of his son’s actions. Yet, the discovery within the hornet’s nest not only complicated matters but also sparked a heated argument between James and his wife, Emma.
Emma’s shock and anger were directed not only at James for concealing the nest but also at the unsettling contents within. The heightened tension pushed James to take decisive action, wrapping the unsettling object in towels and driving off, leaving behind a cloud of unanswered questions.
In addition to testing the family’s bravery, the hornet’s nest incident unearthed a dark secret that could potentially alter their lives forever. Now faced with an unsettling discovery, the family grapples with the mystery surrounding the object hidden in their attic
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